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/min/ - Geology, Mineralogy and Alpinism

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     No.23


    Titanium
    - reactive metal
    - first discovered by British amateur mineralogist William Gregor in black sparkly sand in 1791 , named it with manaccanite
    - German chemist Martin Klaproth rediscovered in 1795 when analyzing rutile
    from Hungary and named it with titan-ium
    - "It was later determined that menachanite and titanium were the same element"
    - the pure titanium (99.9%) was not isolated until 1910 by Matthew Hunter by heating TiCl4 with sodium in a steel bomb.
    - Titanium is present in meteorites and in the sun.
    - the ninth most abundant in the crust of the Earth.
    - the only element that burns in nitrogen.
    - Titanium is as strong as steel, but 45% lighter. It is 60% heavier than aluminum, but twice as strong.
    - resistance to salt water

    Titanium Anodization
    This is achieved by controlling the thickness of the TiO2 (Titanium Dioxide) layer formed on the surface (interferes with light waves and produces different colors due to thin-film interference).

    - TiO2: has an extremely high index of refraction with an optical dispersion higher than diamond; Star sapphires and rubies exhibit their asterism as a result of the presence of TiO2.

     No.24

    1. in 1791 Dec, Mozart died in Vienna.
    2. in 1791, Novalis published his first work
    3. in 1791, Schelling read Kant's "Critique of Pure Reason" for the first time
    4. in 1791, James Hutton gave up his field work
    5. in 1791, Christian Gotthold Schocher published "Soll die Rede auf immer ein dunkler Gesang bleiben, und können ihre Arten, Gänge und Beugungen nicht anschaulich gemacht, und nach Art der Tonkunst gezeichnet werden?"
    6. in 1791 Dec, William Gregor found the manaccanite: Titanium